On this page: 

• Supporting Watershed Approaches
• Developing Watershed Analysis Data and Tools
• Assisting State Water Program Priorities
• Helping Tribes in Watershed Analysis
• Improving Public Access to Technical Watershed Information

Supporting Watershed Approaches.  For decades, EPA has made the watershed approach a guiding principle of its programs under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act. Reducing pollution from the watershed (the land area surrounding and draining to a stream, lake or river) has proven to be essential to restoring the great majority of polluted waters, as well as keeping clean waters healthy. The information needed to use watershed approaches, however, was limited for many years and most watershed analysis tools were expensive and complex. Scientific understanding of watershed effects has increased, and more and more national watershed data have now become available. EPA invested in developing Recovery Potential Screening (RPS) tools and assisting their users to help make this knowledge base accessible, efficient and useable by anyone working to restore or protect the nation’s waters. This assistance is helping make watershed approaches and information from local to national scales more accessible than ever before.

Developing Watershed Analysis Data and Tools.  Not long ago, state and other water quality programs had to choose whether to put their restoration efforts where limited data were available, or invest in gathering more data that would support more comprehensive decisions and strategies. The situation improved with the development of better tools and more uniform information. The EPA Office of Water developed RPS as a flexible, user-driven tool to help compare impaired waters more quickly and efficiently and set priorities for investing limited restoration resources. To maximize its user audience, the RPS Tool was developed in commonly used software (Excel). The RPS Tool provides embedded watershed data, already transformed into water-quality-relevant indicators in three categories (Ecological, Stressor, Social) from which the user selects the best ones for their purpose and locale. Much of the watershed indicator data used in RPS now comes from the Watershed Index Online (WSIO), which houses a national library of hundreds of watershed indicators for the watersheds of the lower 48 states. The partnership of EPA Region 4, EPA Office of Water and EPA Office of Research and Development that created and maintains the WSIO has resulted in substantial data compilation and analysis savings by water programs, leaving more resources to improve water quality.

Assisting State Water Program Priorities. During the past ten years, RPS projects have taken place in over half the states and several special project areas (e.g., river basins) with EPA assistance, and publicly available RPS Statewide Tools cover all the watersheds of the lower 48 states. Most of EPA’s support has involved partnering with state water quality programs responsible for listing and tracking impaired waters and developing Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) to help design their restoration and recovery. State nonpoint source pollution control programs have also used RPS Tools extensively in statewide runoff control strategies and, in some cases, identifying healthy watersheds for protection. EPA technical assistance with the RPS Tool has also helped many states develop nutrient pollution control strategies. Recently, RPS has played an important role in helping state water programs set long-term priorities for where their greatest efforts toward restoration and protection will take place. 

Helping Tribes in Watershed Analysis.  Although RPS Tools were developed for individual states, tool usage need not be on a statewide basis. To support tribes, EPA has compiled information on the watersheds that contain tribal lands and those watershed immediately adjacent to tribal lands. Tribal users can select just their own tribal watersheds, and their immediate neighbors if desired, and comparatively assess them for a given purpose. Results will describe the range of conditions in tribal watersheds alone, but can still be compared easily with statewide results when this may be useful. Special instructions for using the RPS Tool in tribal settings are available in Watershed Tools for Tribes (PDF)  (2pp, 614K).

Improving Public Access to Technical Watershed Information. The RPS approach is also applicable to more local scales, such as comparing subwatersheds within a river basin. Local-scale efforts to restore and protect the nation’s waters far outnumber efforts at larger scales, and often have the advantage of greater local community and stakeholder involvement and insights. Using the RPS Tool in local settings can be a great opportunity to include very specialized local knowledge and insights that can produce better results. The RPS Statewide Tools allow for selecting any user-defined subset of watersheds to screen a more localized area, and local data available only for those watersheds can easily be added to the hundreds of indicators already in the RPS Tool. Special instructions for using the RPS Tool in local settings are available in Watershed Tools for Local Scale Projects (PDF)  (4pp, 662K).