Below are light-duty models related to GHG emissions:

• Advanced Light-Duty Powertrain and Hybrid Analysis (ALPHA) Tool
  Physics-based full vehicle simulation tool which estimates the greenhouse gas emissions for various vehicle types and powertrain technologies running over user-defined driving cycles.
• Lumped Parameter Model
  Desktop computer application that estimates the effectiveness of various technology combinations or “packages,” in a manner that accounts for synergies between technologies.
• Optimization Model for reducing Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Automobiles (OMEGA)
  Estimates the technology cost for automobile manufacturers to achieve variable fleet-wide levels of vehicle greenhouse gas emissions