6-16
October 2012
6.3
Cooling Towers
Table 6-1. Percent of Make-UpWater Saved by Maximizing Cycles of Concentration
New Concentration Ratio (CRf)
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.5 33% 44% 50% 53% 56% 58% 60% 61% 62% 63% 64%
2.0 – 17% 25% 30% 33% 38% 40% 42% 43% 44% 45%
2.5 –
– 10% 16% 20% 25% 28% 30% 31% 33% 34%
3.0 –
–
– 7% 11% 17% 20% 22% 24% 25% 26%
3.5 –
–
–
– 5% 11% 14% 17% 18% 20% 21%
4.0 –
–
–
–
– 6% 10% 13% 14% 16% 17%
5.0 –
–
–
–
–
– 4% 7% 9% 10% 11%
6.0 –
–
–
–
–
–
– 3% 5% 6% 7%
Figure 6-3. Cooling Tower Water Usage at Various Cycles of Concentration for a
100-
Ton Tower
Additional Resources
Alliance for Water Efficiency. Introduction to Cooling Towers.
Cooling Technology Institute.
DOE, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE), Federal Energy Management
Program (FEMP). February 2011.
Cooling Towers: Understanding Key Components of
Cooling Towers and How to Improve Water Efficiency
.
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
1
2
3
4
5
Cycles of Concentration
Gallons per Day
6
7
8
9
Initial Concentration Ratio (Cri)
