Feather and Sacramento Rivers Watersheds
The Watersheds
The Sacramento and Feather Rivers are located in the Lower Sacramento Basin, one of the upper watersheds within the greater San Francisco Bay Delta watershed. The Sacramento Valley makes up the northern one third of California’s Great Central Valley.
The Sacramento River is the largest river within the state of California by flow, length, and drainage area. The lower Feather River is the largest natural tributary to the Sacramento River. The Sacramento River meets California's second longest river, the San Joaquin River, south of the City of Sacramento where they merge into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Delta then drains into the San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean.
Agriculture dominates land use in the watershed. Sacramento River Valley agricultural land use covers about 2,160,000 acres: about 25 % is use for growing rice (547,000 acres), about 16% for deciduous fruits and nuts (336,000 acres); about 15% for grain and hay crops (323,000 acres). With over 2 million people living in the watershed, urban land use is concentrated around the cities of Sacramento, Redding, Chico and Red Bluff.
Water quality in the Sacramento and Feather Rivers has been identified by the State of California as impaired by copper, mercury, toxicity and more than 15 pesticides including diazinon chlorpyrifos and lindane.
Map 1: Baseline Condition Sacramento River Basin – Waterbodies with Diazinon Water Quality Impairments (click image for larger version)Watershed stakeholders at all levels are working to restore these impaired watersheds and while some progress has been achieved, much work remains to be done. EPA recognizes restoration success will involve a watershed approach relying on both regulatory and non-regulatory mechanisms.
Progress and Environmental Results
EPA is tracking progress to restore watersheds and water quality throughout the nation (see EPA National Water Program Strategic Plan and Guidance). One measure of progress is improving water quality conditions in impaired watersheds have been achieved through a watershed approach.
In 2010, EPA and the Central Valley Regional Water Board documented the successful efforts to eliminate diazinon impairments in the Feather and Sacramento River watersheds.
Map 2: Lower Sacramento River Basin - Click image for largerIn 2015, EPA produced 14 water quality progress reports that assess TMDL implementation progress and water quality improvement. We will use these reports and work with our partners to identify actions that accelerate water quality improvements and restore protection for beneficial uses.
The success of the watershed approach in reducing diazinon impairments in Central Valley water bodies is a model for future water quality restoration efforts. Continuing watershed-based pollution control activities can successfully address ongoing water quality challenges in the Lower Sacramento Basin by combining community-based watershed activities with regulation. Persistent water quality problems in the Central Valley include the remaining 117 diazinon-impaired river miles, increasing use of pyrethroid pesticides (highly toxic in the aquatic environment), and thousands of river miles that have other pesticide, nutrient, metals and toxicity water quality impairments. Lessons learned from these efforts can focus future actions and strengthen partnerships that continue to work toward improving water quality in the Central Valley and beyond.
Reducing Diazinon – A Watershed Approach
Map 3: Diazinon Improvements in Sacramento and Feather River Basins (click image for larger version)Sources of diazinon include agricultural and urban storm water discharges. Diazinon is applied to orchards growing plums, peaches, and almonds to control destructive pests such as spider mites, boring insects, and aphids, and is used for pest control by homeowners.
Community, business, education, research, and regulatory activities resulted in the reduction of diazinon concentrations in the Sacramento and Feather River systems. A diverse group of stakeholders, motivated by the basic need for clean water and impending regulation, developed a variety of tools to reduce the use of diazinon and control polluted runoff from reaching waterways. Their combined efforts resulted in the removal of 79 river miles from the 303(d) List for diazinon impairments by 2010.