Safer Choice

Partnership to Conduct Life-Cycle Assessment for Lithium-ion Batteries and Nanotechnology in Electric Vehicles: Publications

The following report is the product of a study carried out in a partnership led by EPA, involving the U.S. Department of Energy, the Li-ion battery industry, and academics. This report identifies materials and processes within a Li-ion battery's life cycle that most contribute to impacts on public health and the environment. Individual chapters from this report are also available. Learn more about the partnership.

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Application of Life-Cycle Assessment to Nanoscale Technology: Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles (PDF)(126 pp, 3 MB)