TIM (Terrestrial Investigation Model) is a terrestrial model used by OPP to derive quantitative estimates of the probability (or likelihood) and magnitude of mortality to birds (of the same species) exposed to the simulated pesticide.

TIM Version 3.0 beta has several appendices to its Technical Description and User Guide.

Appendix D contains data tables, graphs and explanations of avian data used to support generic and custom species.

In TIM, a species is represented by its frequency on the agricultural field (termed: Frequency on Field, acronym: FOF), its diet and its body weight (BW). In order to parameterize generic species and to provide users with information relevant to custom species, it is necessary to identify which avian species visit agricultural fields.

The purpose of this review is to identify avian species that are representative of those that commonly visit agricultural fields. This review is not intended to be inclusive of every relevant species of birds visiting agricultural fields in North America.

TIM models and other TIM information.

• TIM Version 3.0 beta Technical Description and User Guide - Appendix D - Avian Data to Support Generic and Custom Species (PDF)(39 pp, 704 K)
  This appendix summarizes several avian census studies from pesticide registrant submissions and the literature. The purpose of this review is to identify avian species that are representative of those that commonly visit agricultural fields.