EPA has finalized the Biological Evaluation for malathion. The final evaluation is based on interim methods developed in conjunction with Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service in response to the National Academy of Science report on assessing risks to threatened and endangered species from pesticides.

Response to Comments on the Draft Biological Evaluations for Chlorpyrifos, Diazinon and Malathion (PDF) (20 pp, 971 K, About PDF)

• Malathion Executive Summary
• Malathion Problem Formulation for ESA Assessment
  • Attachments
  • Appendices
• Malathion Effects Characterization for ESA Assessment
  • Attachments
  • Appendices
• Malathion Exposure Characterization for ESA Assessment
  • Attachments
  • Appendices
• Malathion Effects Determinations for ESA Assessment
  • Attachments
  • Appendices

 Malathion Executive Summary for ESA Assessment (5 pp, 29 K)

Chapter 1: Malathion Problem Formulation for ESA Assessment (DOCX)(58 pp, 1.22MB)

Attachments

• ATTACHMENT 1-1: Ecological Incidents (DOCX) (2 pp, 17 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-2: CDL Crosswalk (DOCX) (5 pp, 27 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-3: Method for Establishing the Use Footprint (DOCX)(10 pp, 31 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-4: Process for Determining Effects Thresholds (DOCX) (5 pp, 27 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-5: Method for Deriving Species Sensitivity Distributions for Use in Pesticide Effects Determinations for Listed Species (DOCX)(22 pp, 228 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-6: Co-Occurrence Analysis (XLSX)  (1 pg, 1.46 MB) 
• ATTACHMENT 1-7: Methodology for Estimating Exposures to Terrestrial Animals (DOCX) (18 pp, 86 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-8: Review of Open Literature Toxicity Studies for Pilot Chemical Biological Evaluations (DOCX)(4 pp, 132 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-9: Applying a Weight-of-Evidence Approach to Support Step 2 Effects Determinations (DOCX) (17 pp, 4.20 MB)
• ATTACHMENT 1-10: Aquatic Bin Assignments (XLSX) (1 pp, 343 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-11: Biological Information on Listed Species of Fish and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX) (43 pp, 92 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 1-11 Supplemental Information 2: Fish Attribute Template (XLSX)(1 pp, 20 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 1-11 Supplemental Information 3: Federally Listed Fish Attribute Database (XLSX) (1 pg, 857 K) 
• ATTACHMENT 1-12: Biological Information on Listed Species of Aquatic Invertebrates and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX) (41 pp, 108 K) 
  • ATTACHMENT 1-12 Supplemental Information 1: Federally Listed Aquatic Invertebrate Database (XLSX) (1 pp, 925 K) 
  • ATTACHMENT 1-12 Supplemental Information 2: Aquatic Invertebrate Attribute Template (XLSX)(1 pp, 20 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-13: Biological Information on Listed Species of Marine Mammals and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX) (67 pp, 115 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-14: Biological Information on Listed Species of Marine Reptiles and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(30 pp, 49 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-15: Biological Information on Listed Species of Corals and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(9 pp, 37 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-16: Biological Information on Listed Species of Birds and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(318 pp, 596 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-17: Biological Information on Listed Species of Mammals (excluding marine species) and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(250 pp, 363 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-18: Biological Information on Listed Species of Reptiles (excluding marine species) and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(104 pp, 174 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-19: Biological Information on Listed Species of Amphibians and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX)(123 pp, 209 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-20: Biological Information on Listed Species of Terrestrial Invertebrates and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX) (50 pp, 172 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 1-20 Supplemental Information 3: Federally Listed Terrestrial Invertebrate Database (XLSX)​ (1 pp, 368 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-21: Biological Information on Listed Species of Plants and Lichens and Model Parameterization for Pesticide Effects Determinations (DOCX) (6 pp, 27 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 1-21 Supplemental Information 1: Federally Listed Plant Attribute Database (XLSX) (1 pp, 113 MB)
  • ATTACHMENT 1-21 Supplemental Information 2: Summary Plant and Lichen Information (XLSX) (1 pp, 531 Kb)
• ATTACHMENT 1-22: Effects Arrays (DOCX)(1 pp, 17 K)

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Appendices

• APPENDIX 1-1: Regulatory History and Past Assessments for Malathion (DOCX)(3 pp, 20 K)
• APPENDIX 1-2: List of Current Malathion Registrations (Registration Numbers and Label Stamp Dates) (DOCX)(9 pp, 31 K)
• APPENDIX 1-3: Master Use Summary Table for Malathion (XLSX)(1 pp, 160 K)
• APPENDIX 1-4: Tank Mixes Specified on Malathion Product Labels (DOCX)(7 pp, 24 K)
• APPENDIX 1-5: Commitment Letters from Malathion Registrants (PDF)(54 pp, 1.65 MB, About PDF)
• APPENDIX 1-6: Use Site, General Land Cover Class, and HUC2 Matrix for Malathion (DOCX) (16 pp, 33 K)
• APPENDIX 1-7: Malathion Scenario Development (DOCX)(3 pp, 23 K)
• APPENDIX 1-8: Usage Data for Malathion (PDF)(9 pp, 2.37 MB)
• APPENDIX 1-9: Degradate Line of Evidence (DOCX)(7 pp, 46 K)
• APPENDIX 1-10: Summary of Malathion Monitoring Data (DOCX)(9 pp, 42 K)
• APPENDIX 1-11: Multi-A.I. Formulation Analysis for Malathion (DOCX)(4 pp, 25 K)
• APPENDIX 1-12: ECOTOX Mixture Studies (Malathion) (DOCX)(3 pp, 17 K)

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Chapter 2: Malathion Effects Characterization for ESA Assessment (DOCX)(241 pp, 6.37 MB)

Attachments

• ATTACHMENT 1-1: Ecological Incidents (DOCX)(2 pp, 17 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-4: Process for Determining Effects Thresholds (DOCX)(5 pp, 27 K)
• ATTACHMENT 1-5: Method for Deriving Species Sensitivity Distributions for Use in Pesticide Effects Determinations for Listed Species (DOCX)(22 pp, 228 K)

Appendices

• APPENDIX 2-1: Data Used in the Data Array (XLSX)(1 pp, 604 K)
• APPENDIX 2-2: Accepted ECOTOX Database (XLSX)(1 pp, 2.4 MB)
• APPENDIX 2-3 Open Literature Review for Malathion (DOC)(172 pp, 5.5 MB)
• APPENDIX 2-4: OPPIN Bibliography for Malathion (PDF)(265 pp, 2.46 MB)
• APPENDIX 2-5: Rejected ECOTOX Bibliography (DOCX)(143 pp, 1.8 MB)
• APPENDIX 2-6: Malathion Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Fish (DOCX)(15 pp, 656 K)
• APPENDIX 2-7: Additional Effects Arrays for Malathion (DOCX)(1 pp, 14 K)
• APPENDIX 2-8: Malathion Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Aquatic Invertebrates (DOCX)(9 pp, 449 K)
• APPENDIX 2-9: Malathion Species Sensitivity Distribution Analysis for Birds (DOCX)(4 pp, 77 K)

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Chapter 3: Malathion Exposure Characterization for ESA Assessment (DOCX) (54 pp, 1.25 Mb)

Attachments

• ATTACHMENT 3-1: Background Document: Aquatic Exposure Estimation for Endangered Species (DOCX) (52 pp, 181 MB)
  • ATTACHMENT 3-1 Supplemental Information 1: Static Bin Analysis (XLSX)(1 pp, 85 K)

Appendices

• APPENDIX 1-3: Master Use Summary Table for Malathion (XLSX)(1 pp, 160 K)
• APPENDIX 1-6: Use Site, General Land Cover Class, and HUC2 Matrix for Malathion (DOCX) (16 pp, 33 K)
• APPENDIX 1-7: Malathion Scenario Development (DOCX)(3 pp, 23 K)
• APPENDIX 3-1: Environmental Transport and Fate Data Analysis for Malathion (DOCX) (10 pp, 40 K)
• APPENDIX 3-2: Malathion Fate Open Literature Review (XLSX)(1 pg, 56 K)
• APPENDIX 3-3: Spray Drift Considerations for Malathion (DOCX) (10 pp, 116 K)
• APPENDIX 3-4: Aquatic EECs (XLSX) (1 pp, 3.18 MB)
  • APPENDIX 3-4f: PWC Postprocessor Output (ZIP)(1 file, 2.7 GB)
• APPENDIX 3-5: Malathion Downstream Dilution (DOCX)​ (1 pp, 13 K)
• APPENDIX 3-6: Input Parameters for Weight of Evidence Matrices (XLSX)(1 pp, 97 K)

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Chapter 4: Malathion Effects Determinations for ESA Assessment (DOCX) (48 pp, 193 K)

Attachments

• ATTACHMENT 4-1: Terrestrial and Aquatic Weight of Evidence Matrices: Tool Methodology and Description (DOCX) (31 pp, 2.09 MB)
• ATTACHMENT 4-2: Regression Analysis of Exposure Response Data from Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Tests for Malathion, Diazinon and Malathion (DOCX) (10 pp,86 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-2 Supplemental Information 1: Appendix A- Response Curve Modeling (DOCX) (11 pp, 296 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-2 Supplemental Information 2: Appendix B- Guidelines for Assessing Relative Quality of TRAP Analysis Graphs (DOCX) (8 pp, 281 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-2 Supplemental Information 3: Appendix C- Index and Tabular Results (XLSX) (1 pp, 28 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-2 Supplemental Information 4: Appendix D- TRAP Analysis Graphs and ECx Values (PDF) (60 pp, 799K)
• ATTACHMENT 4-3: Application of Web-ICE to Assess Risks of National Pesticide Registrations to Federally Listed Species (DOCX) (9 pp, 44 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 1: Acute Toxicity Prediction to Threatened and Endangered Species Using Interspecies Correlation Estimation (ICE) Models (DOCX) (5 pp, 466 K)
    • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 1.1 (DOCS) (26 pp, 101K)
    • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 1.2 (XLSX) 1 pp, 155 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 2: Analysis of Predicted vs. Empirical SSDs for Malathion (DOCX) (21 pp, 87K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 3: Analysis of Predicted vs. Empirical SSDs for Chlorpyrifos (DOCX) (19 pp, 81 K)
  • ATTACHMENT 4-3 Supplemental Information 4: Analysis of Predicted vs. Empirical SSDs for Diazinon (DOCX) (19 pp, 84 K)

• Appendices

  • APPENDIX 4-1: Effects Determination Tables (XLSX) (1 pp, 511 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-2: Mixtures Analysis for Malathion (DOCX)  (14 pp, 106 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-3: Weight of Evidence Matrices
    • APPENDIX 3-6: Input Parameters for Weight of Evidence Matrices (XLSX) (1 pp, 93 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3a: Amphibians_All_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 574 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3b: Reptiles_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 370 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3c: Birds_Passerine_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 356 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3d: Birds_All other orders_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 592 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3e: Mammals_All_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 600 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3f: Terrestrial Invertebrates_Arachnids and Insects_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 637 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3g: Terrestrial Invertebrates_Snails_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 425 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3h: Fish_Cypriniformes_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 519 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3i: Fish_Salmoniformes_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 342 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3j: Fish_All other orders_MAL (XLSX (1 pp, 667 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3k: Aquatic Invertebrates_Insects and Crustaceans_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 289 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3l: Aquatic Invertebrates_Mollusks_Unionida1_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 504 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3m: Aquatic Invertebrates_Mollusks_Unionida2_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 557y K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3n: Aquatic Invertebrates_All other orders_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 327)
    • APPENDIX 4-3o: MARINE species_Coral_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 183 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3p: MARINE species_Fish and Other Invertebrates_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 143 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3q: Plants_General_Ad-Tr_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 821 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3r: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Ab-As_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 395 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3s: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_As-Ci_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 403 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3t: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Ci-Er_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 403 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3u: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Er-Il_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 417 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3v: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Ip-Lu_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 386 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3w: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Ly-Ph_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 387 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3x: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Ph-Sc_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 386 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3y: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_Sc-St_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 379 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3z: Plants_Herbaceous Dicot_St-Ye_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 251 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3aa: Plants_Herbaceous Woody_Ag-Pr_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 186 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3bb: Plants_Herbaceous Monocot_Al-Pi_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 437 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3cc: Plants_Herbaceous Monocot_Pl-Zi_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 275 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3dd: Plants_Woody Dicot_Ab-Ce_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 386 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3ee: Plants_Woody Dicot_Ch-Cy_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 398 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3ff: Plants_Woody Dicot_Cy-Cy_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 382 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3gg: Plants_Woody Dicot_Cy-Ga_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 386 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3hh: Plants_Woody Dicot_Ga-La_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 385 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3ii: Plants_Woody Dicot_La-My_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 383 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3jj: Plants_Woody Dicot_My-Re_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 384 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3kk: Plants_Woody Dicot_Re-Te_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 385 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-3ll: Plants_Woody Dicot_Te-Zi_MAL (XLSX) (1 pp, 217 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-4: Risk Assessment for Cattle Ear Tag Use (DOCX) (102 pp, 318 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-5: Analysis of Mosquito Adulticide Use (DOCX) (4 pp, 29 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-5 Supplemental Information 1: Mosquito Adulticide Animal Matrices (XLSX) (1 pp, 102 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-6: Analysis of Seed Treatment and Granular Uses (DOCX) (1 pp, 12 K)
  • APPENDIX 4-7: Refined Risk Analyses for 14 Listed Birds Exposed to Malathion (DOCX) (18 pp, 268 K)
    • APPENDIX 4-7 Supplemental Information 1: TIM/MCnest Metadata (DOCX) (48 pp, 117 K)

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