Climate Change Adaptation Resource Center (ARC-X)

Projected Climate Threat to Waste Facilities

Related Information

Adaptation Actions for Protecting Waste Facilities

The adaptation strategies provided below are intended to inform and assist communities in identifying potential alternatives. They are illustrative and are presented to help communities consider possible ways to address anticipated current and future climate threats to contaminated site management. 

On this page:
Case study available = Case Study available
 

Climate Threats

Temperature

Los Angeles downtown smogIncreased extreme temperatures and sustained changes in average temperatures may result in changing exposure rates or potential for spread of contamination from existing waste management sites

  • Aboveground Components of the Containment System
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing cracked pads or replacing inadequate pads (of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage), particularly those used for monitoring purposes, and integrating retaining walls along a concrete pad perimeter where feasible.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Aboveground Components of the Treatment System
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing concrete cracks, replacing pads of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage, or integrating retaining walls along the pad perimeter.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
  • Groundwater Extraction or Containment System
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Remedy Construction, Operation and Maintenance
    • Plantings
      Selecting native grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants that are resistant to drought or increased temperatures where vegetation is used for shading, erosion control or wind breaks or for treatment or local buffering in wetland or riparian settings.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Site Operations and Infrastructure
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Building envelope upgrades
      Replacing highly flammable materials with (or adding) fire- and mold/mildew-resistant insulating materials in a building, shed or housing envelope
    • Hazard alerts
      Using electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions
    • Plantings
      Installing drought-resistant grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants to provide shading, prevent erosion, provide wind breaks and reduce fire risk.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Underground and At-Grade Components of the Containment System
    • Liner system reinforcement
      Selection of geomembranes with a maximum feasible thickness for new liner systems, use of a secondary liner or geotextile, or extension of geosynthetic materials to vulnerable sides of a waste cell.
  • Underwater Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Armor enhancement for in situ cap
      Additional or deeper layers of stone and/or gravel above a sand base layer to withstand scouring forces of ice jams.
    • Modeling expansion for MNA
      Incorporation of additional subsurface parameters and sampling devices in monitoring plans to gauge the potential for re-suspension of contaminated sediment under more extreme weather/climate scenarios.

Precipitation

FloodMore intense and frequent storms, in some communities, will result in inundation and flooding at landfills and contaminated sites increasing the possibility of the transport of contaminants through surface soils, ground water, surface waters and/or coastal waters.

  • Aboveground Components of the Containment System
    • Armor
      Fixed structures placed on or along the shoreline of flowing inland water or ocean water to mitigate effects of erosion and protect site infrastructure; "soft" armor may comprise synthetic fabrics and/or deep-rooted vegetation while "hard" armor may consist of riprap, gabions and segmental retaining walls.
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing cracked pads or replacing inadequate pads (of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage), particularly those used for monitoring purposes, and integrating retaining walls along a concrete pad perimeter where feasible.
    • Containment fortification
      Placement of riprap adjacent to a subsurface containment barrier located along moving surface water, to minimize bank scouring that could negatively affect barrier integrity; for soil/waste capping systems vulnerable to storm surge, installation of a protective vertical wall or armored base to absorb energy of the surge and prevent cap erosion or destruction.
    • Entombment
      Enclosure of vulnerable equipment or control devices in a concrete structure.
    • Evapotranspiration cover modification
      Replacement of existing vegetation with a plant mix more tolerant of long-term changes in precipitation or temperature, and/or soil addition to increase water storage capacity.
    • Flare enclosure
      Industrial-strength protective material that surrounds equipment used to ignite and combust excess LFG.
    • Ground anchorage
      One or more steel bars installed in cement-grouted boreholes (and in some cases accompanied by cables) to secure an apparatus on a ground surface or to reinforce a retaining wall against an earthen slope.
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for Flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance Study.
    • Retaining wall
      A structure (commonly of concrete, steel sheet piles or timber) built to support earth masses having a vertical or near-vertical slope and consequently hold back loose soil, rocks or debris.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Aboveground Components of the Treatment SystemCase study available
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Coastal hardening
      Building "soft" seawalls (through techniques such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation), jetties or groins to stabilize and shield a shoreline from erosion; in some cases, "hard" seawalls (such as those made of reinforced concrete) may be warranted.
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing concrete cracks, replacing pads of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage, or integrating retaining walls along the pad perimeter.
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more structures to retain or divert floodwater, such as vegetated berms, drainage swales, levees, dams or retention ponds.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Relocation
      Moving the system or its critical components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.
    • Riverbank armor
      Stabilizing banks of onsite segments of a river (or susceptible stream) through installation of "soft" armor (such as synthetic fabrics and/or deep-rooted vegetation) or "hard" armor (such as riprap, gabions and segmental retaining walls).
    • Slope fortification
      Anchoring a slope through placement of concrete or rock elements against a slope and installing anchors and cables to secure the elements, or containing a slope through placement of netting to hold back rock and debris.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.
  • Groundwater Extraction or Containment System
    • Dewatering well system
      Installing additional boreholes at critical locations and depths to maintain target groundwater levels in the extraction/containment zone and reduce groundwater upwelling while not compromising the remediation system.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Remedy Construction, Operation and MaintenanceCase study available
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more earthen structures (such as vegetated berms, vegetated swales, stormwater ponds, levees, or dams) or installing fabricated drainage structures (such as culverts or French drains) to retain or divert floodwater spreading from adjacent surface water or land surface depressions.
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Plantings
      Selecting native grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants that are resistant to drought or increased temperatures where vegetation is used for shading, erosion control or wind breaks or for treatment or local buffering in wetland or riparian settings.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Site Operations and InfrastructureCase study available
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Building envelope upgrades
      Replacing highly flammable materials with (or adding) fire- and mold/mildew-resistant insulating materials in a building, shed or housing envelope
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more earthen structures (such as vegetated berms, vegetated swales, stormwater ponds, levees, or dams) or installing fabricated drainage structures (such as culverts or French drains) to retain or divert floodwater spreading from adjacent surface water or land surface depressions.
    • Hazard alerts
      Using electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Pervious pavement
      Replacing impervious pavement that has deteriorated or impeded stormwater management with permeable pavement (in the form of porous asphalt, rubberized asphalt, pervious concrete or brick/block pavers) to filter pollutants, recharge aquifers and reduce stormwater volume entering the storm drain system.
    • Plantings
      Installing drought-resistant grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants to provide shading, prevent erosion, provide wind breaks and reduce fire risk.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping or selected activities during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Underground and At-Grade Components of the Containment System
    • Construction at grade
      Designing a new containment system to be built at rather than below ground surface, in order to minimize potential contact between groundwater and targeted waste (or an engineered liner) due to consistent rising of the water table.
    • Dewatering well system
      Installing extraction wells at critical locations and depths to prevent or minimize groundwater upwelling into the waste zone of an aged landfill, waste consolidation unit, or lined engineered landfill.
    • Leachate extraction upgrades
      Installation of additional wells (and aboveground pumps) for leachate extraction in vulnerable areas.
    • Liner system reinforcement
      Selection of geomembranes with a maximum feasible thickness for new liner systems, use of a secondary liner or geotextile, or extension of geosynthetic materials to vulnerable sides of a waste cell.
    • Pipe burial
      Installation of pipes below rather than above ground surface where feasible, particularly for LFG transfer.
    • Run-on controls
      Building one or more earthen structures (such as vegetated berms, vegetated swales, or stormwater ponds) or installing fabricated drainage structures (such as culverts or French drains) at vulnerable locations to prevent stormwater accumulating at higher elevations from reaching a landfill/containment system.
  • Underwater Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Armor enhancement for in situ cap
      Additional or deeper layers of stone and/or gravel above a sand base layer to withstand scouring forces of ice jams.
    • Amendment settling enhancement
      In situ placement of amendments through techniques such as broadcasting the material in a pelletized form or using a thicker layer of cover sand to accelerate material settling.
    • Deposition controls
      Engineered structures such as dams to control the flow of flood-related deposition in settings where increased underwater deposition enhances remedy performance.
    • Modeling expansion for MNA
      Incorporation of additional subsurface parameters and sampling devices in monitoring plans to gauge the potential for re-suspension of contaminated sediment under more extreme weather/climate scenarios.
  • Upland Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Armor on banks and floodplains
      Fixed structures placed on or along the shoreline of flowing inland water or ocean water to mitigate effects of erosion and protect site infrastructure; "soft" armor may comprise synthetic fabrics and/or deep-rooted vegetation while "hard" armor may consist of riprap, gabions and segmental retaining walls.
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Containment fortification
      Placement of riprap adjacent to a subsurface containment barrier located along moving surface water, to minimize bank scouring that could negatively affect barrier integrity; for soil/waste capping systems vulnerable to storm surge, installation of a protective vertical wall or armored base to absorb energy of the surge and prevent cap erosion or destruction.
    • Ground anchorage
      One or more steel bars installed in cement-grouted boreholes (and in some cases accompanied by cables) to secure an apparatus on a ground surface or to reinforce a retaining wall against an earthen slope.
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.
    • Retaining wall
      A structure (commonly of concrete, steel sheet piles or timber) built to support earth masses having a vertical or near-vertical slope and consequently hold back loose soil, rocks or debris.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.

Wind

Playground near factoryIncreased intensity of hurricanes may lead to spread of contaminants or damage to management structures.

  • Aboveground Components of the Containment System
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Containment fortification
      Placement of riprap adjacent to a subsurface containment barrier located along moving surface water, to minimize bank scouring that could negatively affect barrier integrity; for soil/waste capping systems vulnerable to storm surge, installation of a protective vertical wall or armored base to absorb energy of the surge and prevent cap erosion or destruction.
    • Entombment
      Enclosure of vulnerable equipment or control devices in a concrete structure.
    • Flare enclosure
      Industrial-strength protective material that surrounds equipment used to ignite and combust excess LFG.
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for Flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance Study.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Aboveground Components of the Treatment System
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Coastal hardening
      Building "soft" seawalls (through techniques such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation), jetties or groins to stabilize and shield a shoreline from erosion; in some cases, "hard" seawalls (such as those made of reinforced concrete) may be warranted.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Relocation
      Moving the system or its critical components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.
  • Groundwater Extraction or Containment System
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Well-head housing
      Building insulated cover systems made of high density polyethylene or concrete for control devices and sensitive equipment situated aboveground for long periods.
  • Remedy Construction, Operation and Maintenance
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Plantings
      Selecting native grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants that are resistant to drought or increased temperatures where vegetation is used for shading, erosion control or wind breaks or for treatment or local buffering in wetland or riparian settings.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Site Operations and Infrastructure
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Hazard alerts
      Using electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Plantings
      Installing drought-resistant grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants to provide shading, prevent erosion, provide wind breaks and reduce fire risk.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping or selected activities during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Underground and At-Grade Components of the Containment System
    • Pipe burial
      Installation of pipes below rather than above ground surface where feasible, particularly for LFG transfer.
  • Underwater Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Amendment settling enhancement
      In situ placement of amendments through techniques such as broadcasting the material in a pelletized form or using a thicker layer of cover sand to accelerate material settling.
    • Modeling expansion for MNA
      Incorporation of additional subsurface parameters and sampling devices in monitoring plans to gauge the potential for re-suspension of contaminated sediment under more extreme weather/climate scenarios.
  • Upland Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Containment fortification
      Placement of riprap adjacent to a subsurface containment barrier located along moving surface water, to minimize bank scouring that could negatively affect barrier integrity; for soil/waste capping systems vulnerable to storm surge, installation of a protective vertical wall or armored base to absorb energy of the surge and prevent cap erosion or destruction.
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.
    • Tie down systems
      Installing permanent mounts that allow rapid deployment of a cable system extending from the top of a unit to ground surface.

Sea Level Rise

Sea level riseSea-level rise, increased storm surge, more intense and frequent storm events may all affect site assessments, risk analyses and cleanup designs.

  • Aboveground Components of the Containment System
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing cracked pads or replacing inadequate pads (of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage), particularly those used for monitoring purposes, and integrating retaining walls along a concrete pad perimeter where feasible.
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for Flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance Study.
  • Aboveground Components of the Treatment SystemCase study available
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Coastal hardening
      Building "soft" seawalls (through techniques such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation), jetties or groins to stabilize and shield a shoreline from erosion; in some cases, "hard" seawalls (such as those made of reinforced concrete) may be warranted.
    • Concrete pad fortification
      Repairing concrete cracks, replacing pads of insufficient size or with insufficient anchorage, or integrating retaining walls along the pad perimeter.
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more structures to retain or divert floodwater, such as vegetated berms, drainage swales, levees, dams or retention ponds.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Relocation
      Moving the system or its critical components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.
  • Groundwater Extraction or Containment System
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
  • Remedy Construction, Operation and MaintenanceCase study available
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more earthen structures (such as vegetated berms, vegetated swales, stormwater ponds, levees, or dams) or installing fabricated drainage structures (such as culverts or French drains) to retain or divert floodwater spreading from adjacent surface water or land surface depressions.
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Plantings
      Selecting native grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants that are resistant to drought or increased temperatures where vegetation is used for shading, erosion control or wind breaks or for treatment or local buffering in wetland or riparian settings.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Site Operations and InfrastructureCase study available
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Flood controls
      Building one or more earthen structures (such as vegetated berms, vegetated swales, stormwater ponds, levees, or dams) or installing fabricated drainage structures (such as culverts or French drains) to retain or divert floodwater spreading from adjacent surface water or land surface depressions.
    • Hazard alerts
      Using electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
    • Hurricane straps
      Integrating or adding heavy metal brackets that reinforce physical connection between the roof and walls of a building, shed or housing unit, including structures used for leachate and LFG management.
    • Plantings
      Installing drought-resistant grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants to provide shading, prevent erosion, provide wind breaks and reduce fire risk.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping or selected activities during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Renewable energy system safeguards
      Extended concrete footing for ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional bracing for roof-top PV or solar thermal systems, and additional masts for small wind turbines or windmills; for utility-scale systems, safeguards to address climate change vulnerabilities may be addressed in the site-specific renewable energy feasibility study.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Underground and At-Grade Components of the Containment System
    • Leachate extraction upgrades
      Installation of additional wells (and aboveground pumps) for leachate extraction in vulnerable areas.
    • Liner system reinforcement
      Selection of geomembranes with a maximum feasible thickness for new liner systems, use of a secondary liner or geotextile, or extension of geosynthetic materials to vulnerable sides of a waste cell.
  • Underwater Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Amendment settling enhancement
      In situ placement of amendments through techniques such as broadcasting the material in a pelletized form or using a thicker layer of cover sand to accelerate material settling.
    • Deposition controls
      Engineered structures such as dams to control the flow of flood-related deposition in settings where increased underwater deposition enhances remedy performance.
    • Modeling expansion for MNA
      Incorporation of additional subsurface parameters and sampling devices in monitoring plans to gauge the potential for re-suspension of contaminated sediment under more extreme weather/climate scenarios.
  • Upland Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Coastal hardening
      Installation of structures to stabilize a shoreline and shield it from erosion, through "soft" techniques (such as replenishing sand and/or vegetation) or "hard" techniques (such as building a seawall or installing riprap).
    • Relocation
      Moving selected system components to positions more distant or protected from potential hazards; for flooding threats, this may involve elevations higher than specified in the community's flood insurance study.

Wildfires

Forest fireIncreased frequency & intensity of wildfires may impact exposure and safety of existing waste and contaminated site management facilities.

  • Aboveground Components of the Containment System
    • Entombment
      Enclosure of vulnerable equipment or control devices in a concrete structure.
    • Fire barriers
      Creating buffer areas (land free of dried vegetation and other flammable materials) around vulnerable remediation/monitoring components and installing manufactured systems (such as radiant energy shields and electrical raceway fire barriers) around heat-sensitive components.
    • Flare enclosure
      Industrial-strength protective material that surrounds equipment used to ignite and combust excess LFG.
    • Retaining wall
      A structure (commonly of concrete, steel sheet piles or timber) built to support earth masses having a vertical or near-vertical slope and consequently hold back loose soil, rocks or debris.
  • Aboveground Components of the Treatment System
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Fire barriers
      Creating buffer areas (land free of dried vegetation and other flammable materials) around the treatment system and installing manufactured systems (such as radiant energy shields and raceway fire barriers) around heat-sensitive components.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
  • Groundwater Extraction or Containment System
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
  • Remedy Construction, Operation and Maintenance
    • Plantings
      Selecting native grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants that are resistant to drought or increased temperatures where vegetation is used for shading, erosion control or wind breaks or for treatment or local buffering in wetland or riparian settings.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Site Operations and Infrastructure
    • Alarm networks
      Integrating a series of sensors linked to electronic control devices that trigger shutdown of the system, or linked to audible/visual alarms that alert workers of the need to manually shut down the system, when specified operating or ambient parameters are exceeded.
    • Building envelope upgrades
      Replacing highly flammable materials with (or adding) fire- and mold/mildew-resistant insulating materials in a building, shed or housing envelope
    • Hazard alerts
      Using electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
    • Plantings
      Installing drought-resistant grasses, shrubs, trees and other deep-rooted plants to provide shading, prevent erosion, provide wind breaks and reduce fire risk.
    • Power from off-grid sources
      Constructing a permanent system or using portable equipment that provides power generated from onsite renewable resources, as a primary or redundant power supply that can operate independent of the utility grid when needed.
    • Remote access
      Integrating electronic devices that enable workers to suspend pumping or selected activities during extreme weather events, periods of impeded access, or unexpected hydrologic conditions.
    • Utility line burial
      Relocating electricity and communication lines from overhead to underground positions, to prevent power outages during and often after extreme weather events.
    • Weather alerts
      Electronic systems that actively inform subscribers of extreme weather events or provide Internet postings on local/regional weather and related conditions.
  • Upland Components of Contaminated Sediments
    • Retaining wall
      A structure (commonly of concrete, steel sheet piles or timber) built to support earth masses having a vertical or near-vertical slope and consequently hold back loose soil, rocks or debris.

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Source Documents

These strategies are adapted from The Climate Change Adaptation Technical Fact Sheet Series, for more information please view these strategies in the context provided by the primary source document.

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Disclaimer

The adaptation strategies provided are intended to inform and assist communities in identifying potential alternatives. They are illustrative and are presented to help communities consider possible ways to address anticipated current and future climate threats to contaminated site management. Read the full disclaimer.

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